1. Unyolo wamakampani a polysilicon: Njira yopanga ndizovuta, ndipo kutsika kumayang'ana ma semiconductors a photovoltaic.
Polysilicon imapangidwa makamaka kuchokera ku silicon ya mafakitale, chlorine ndi haidrojeni, ndipo ili kumtunda kwa unyolo wamakampani a photovoltaic ndi semiconductor.Malingana ndi deta ya CPIA, njira yamakono yopangira polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi ndi njira yosinthidwa ya Siemens, kupatula ku China, kuposa 95% ya polysilicon imapangidwa ndi njira yosinthidwa ya Siemens.M'kati akukonzekera polysilicon ndi bwino Siemens njira, choyamba, chlorine mpweya ndi hydrogen mpweya kupanga wa hydrogen kolorayidi, ndiyeno amachitira ndi pakachitsulo ufa pambuyo kuphwanya ndi kupera wa mafakitale pakachitsulo kupanga trichlorosilane, amenenso yafupika. gasi wa hydrogen kuti apange polysilicon.Silicon ya polycrystalline imatha kusungunuka ndi kukhazikika kuti ipange ma polycrystalline silicon ingots, ndipo silicon ya monocrystalline imathanso kupangidwa ndi Czochralski kapena zone kusungunuka.Poyerekeza ndi silicon ya polycrystalline, silicon imodzi ya crystal imakhala ndi njere za kristalo zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi kristalo, choncho imakhala ndi magetsi abwino komanso kutembenuka mtima.Ingots zonse za polycrystalline silicon ndi ndodo za monocrystalline silicon zitha kudulidwanso ndikusinthidwa kukhala zowotcha za silicon ndi ma cell, omwe amakhala mbali zazikulu za ma module a photovoltaic ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa photovoltaic.Kuphatikiza apo, zowotcha za crystal silicon zimathanso kupangidwa kukhala zowotcha za silicon pogaya mobwerezabwereza, kupukuta, epitaxy, kuyeretsa ndi njira zina, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zapansi pazida zamagetsi za semiconductor.
Zonyansa za polysilicon ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo makampaniwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a ndalama zambiri komanso zotchinga zapamwamba.Popeza chiyero cha polysilicon chidzakhudza kwambiri zojambula za crystal silicon, zofunikira zaukhondo ndizokhwima kwambiri.Chiyero chochepa cha polysilicon ndi 99.9999%, ndipo chapamwamba kwambiri chimakhala pafupi ndi 100%.Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo za dziko la China zimayika zofunikira zomveka bwino pazonyansa, ndipo potengera izi, polysilicon imagawidwa m'makalasi I, II, ndi III, pomwe zomwe zili mu boron, phosphorous, oxygen ndi carbon ndizofunikira kwambiri."Polysilicon Industry Access Conditions" imanena kuti mabizinesi amayenera kukhala ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso kasamalidwe kabwino, ndipo miyezo yazinthu zogulitsa zimayenderana ndi miyezo yadziko;Kuphatikiza apo, malo ofikira amafunikiranso kuchuluka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamabizinesi opanga ma polysilicon, monga solar-grade, electronic-grade polysilicon The projekiti sikelo ndi yayikulu kuposa matani 3000/chaka ndi matani 1000/chaka motsatana, ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha likulu. mu ndalama za zomangamanga zatsopano ndi kumanganso ndi kukulitsa ntchito sizidzakhala zotsika kuposa 30%, kotero polysilicon ndi makampani olemera kwambiri.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za CPIA, ndalama zogulira zida zopangira matani 10,000 za polysilicon zomwe zidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2021 zakwera pang'ono mpaka 103 miliyoni yuan/kt.Chifukwa chake ndikukwera kwa mtengo wazinthu zambiri zachitsulo.Zikuyembekezeka kuti mtengo wandalama mtsogolomo uchulukira ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa zida zopangira ndi kuchepa kwa monomer pomwe kukula ukuwonjezeka.Malinga ndi malamulowa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa polysilicon pakuchepetsa kwa solar-grade ndi electronic-grade Czochralski kuyenera kukhala kochepera 60 kWh/kg ndi 100 kWh/kg motsatana, ndipo zofunikira pazizindikiro zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndizolimba.Kupanga kwa polysilicon kumakonda kukhala kwamakampani opanga mankhwala.Njira yopanga ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo polowera njira zamakono, kusankha zipangizo, kutumiza ndi kugwira ntchito ndipamwamba.Kupanga kumaphatikizapo machitidwe ambiri ovuta a mankhwala, ndipo chiwerengero cha malo olamulira ndi oposa 1,000.Ndizovuta kwa olowa kumene Mwachangu dziwani luso laluso.Chifukwa chake, pali zotchinga zazikulu komanso zaukadaulo mumakampani opanga polysilicon, omwe amalimbikitsanso opanga ma polysilicon kuti akwaniritse kukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo kwamayendedwe, ma CD ndi ma mayendedwe.
2. Gulu la Polysilicon: chiyero chimatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kalasi ya dzuwa imatenga gawo lalikulu
Silicon ya polycrystalline, mtundu wa silicon yoyambira, imapangidwa ndi njere za kristalo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kristalo, ndipo imatsukidwa makamaka ndi kukonza kwa silicon kwa mafakitale.Maonekedwe a polysilicon ndi otuwa zitsulo zonyezimira, ndipo malo osungunuka ndi pafupifupi 1410 ℃.Ndi osagwira kutentha firiji ndi yogwira mu sungunuka boma.Polysilicon ili ndi semiconductor properties ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri ya semiconductor, koma zonyansa zochepa zimatha kukhudza kwambiri kayendedwe kake.Pali njira zambiri zopangira polysilicon.Kuphatikiza pa magawo omwe tawatchulawa molingana ndi miyezo ya dziko la China, njira zitatu zofunika kwambiri zamagulu zimayambitsidwa pano.Malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo ndi ntchito, polysilicon imatha kugawidwa mu polysilicon ya solar-grade ndi polysilicon yamagetsi.Solar-grade polysilicon imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma cell a photovoltaic, pomwe polysilicon yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani ophatikizika ozungulira ngati zida zopangira tchipisi ndi zina.Chiyero cha polysilicon ya solar-grade ndi 6 ~ 8N, ndiko kuti, zonyansa zonse ziyenera kukhala zochepa kuposa 10 -6, ndipo chiyero cha polysilicon chiyenera kufika 99.9999% kapena kuposa.Zofunikira za chiyero cha polysilicon yamagetsi ndizovuta kwambiri, zokhala ndi 9N zosachepera komanso kuchuluka kwa 12N.Kupanga kwa polysilicon yamagetsi yamagetsi ndikovuta.Pali mabizinesi ochepa aku China omwe adziwa luso lopanga ma polysilicon amtundu wamagetsi, ndipo amadalirabe zinthu zochokera kunja.Pakalipano, kutulutsa kwa polysilicon ya solar-grade ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ya polysilicon yamagetsi, ndipo yoyamba ndi pafupifupi 13.8 kuposa yotsirizirayi.
Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa doping zonyansa ndi madutsidwe mtundu wa silicon zakuthupi, zikhoza kugawidwa mu P-mtundu ndi N-mtundu.Silicon ikalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zovomerezeka zovomerezeka, monga boron, aluminiyamu, gallium, ndi zina zambiri, imayendetsedwa ndi kutulutsa kwa dzenje ndipo ndi mtundu wa P.Pamene silikoni ndi doped ndi zinthu zonyansa opereka, monga phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, etc., imayang'aniridwa ndi ma elekitironi conduction ndipo N-mtundu.Mabatire amtundu wa P amaphatikizanso mabatire a BSF ndi PERC.Mu 2021, mabatire a PERC adzakhala opitilira 91% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mabatire a BSF adzathetsedwa.Panthawi yomwe PERC ilowa m'malo mwa BSF, kusinthika kwa maselo amtundu wa P kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 20% kufika kupitirira 23%, yomwe ili pafupi kuyandikira malire apamwamba a 24.5%, pamene malire apamwamba a N- Maselo amtundu ndi 28.7%, ndipo maselo amtundu wa N ali ndi kutembenuka kwakukulu, Chifukwa cha ubwino wa chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha bifacial ndi kutentha kochepa, makampani ayamba kutumiza mizere yopangira misala ya mabatire a mtundu wa N.Malinga ndi zoneneratu za CPIA, kuchuluka kwa mabatire amtundu wa N kudzakwera kwambiri kuchoka pa 3% kufika pa 13.4% mu 2022. Zikuyembekezeka kuti zaka zisanu zikubwerazi, kubwerezedwa kwa batire la mtundu wa N kupita ku P-batire kudzayambitsidwa. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapamtunda, imatha kugawidwa kukhala zowuma, zolimba za kolifulawa ndi zinthu za coral.Pamwamba pa zinthu wandiweyani ali ndi digirii otsika kwambiri concavity, zosakwana 5mm, palibe mtundu abnormality, palibe makutidwe ndi okosijeni interlayer, ndi mtengo wapamwamba;pamwamba pa zinthu za kolifulawa ali ndi digiri ya concavity, 5-20mm, chigawocho ndi chochepa, ndipo mtengo ndi wapakati;pamene pamwamba pa zinthu za coral zimakhala ndi concavity kwambiri, Kuzama ndi kwakukulu kuposa 20mm, gawolo ndi lotayirira, ndipo mtengo ndi wotsika kwambiri.Zinthu zokhuthala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukoka silicon ya monocrystalline, pomwe zinthu za kolifulawa ndi zinthu za coral zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zowotcha za polycrystalline silicon.Pakupanga mabizinesi tsiku ndi tsiku, zinthu zowuma zimatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu zosachepera 30% za kolifulawa kuti zipange silicon ya monocrystalline.Mtengo wa zopangira ukhoza kupulumutsidwa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za kolifulawa kumachepetsa kukoka kwa kristalo kumlingo wina.Makampani ayenera kusankha chiŵerengero choyenera cha doping pambuyo poyeza ziwirizo.Posachedwapa, kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa zinthu zowuma ndi kolifulawa zakhazikika pa 3 RMB / kg.Ngati kusiyana kwamitengo kukukulitsidwa, makampani angaganizire za doping zambiri za kolifulawa mu kukoka kwa monocrystalline silicon.
3. Njira: Njira ya Siemens imatenga gawo lalikulu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala chinsinsi cha kusintha kwaukadaulo
Njira yopanga polysilicon imagawidwa pafupifupi magawo awiri.Mu sitepe yoyamba, fakitale ya silicon ufa imachitidwa ndi anhydrous hydrogen chloride kuti ipeze trichlorosilane ndi haidrojeni.Pambuyo mobwerezabwereza distillation ndi kuyeretsedwa, gaseous trichlorosilane, dichlorodihydrosilicon ndi Silane;sitepe yachiwiri ndi kuchepetsa zomwe tatchulazi mkulu-chiyero mpweya ku crystalline pakachitsulo, ndi kuchepetsa sitepe ndi kusinthidwa Siemens njira ndi silane fluidized bedi njira.Njira yabwino ya Siemens ili ndi ukadaulo wopanga okhwima komanso mtundu wapamwamba wazinthu, ndipo pakadali pano ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga ukadaulo.The mwambo Siemens kupanga njira ndi ntchito chlorine ndi haidrojeni kuti lithe anhydrous hydrogen kolorayidi, hydrogen kolorayidi ndi pakachitsulo ufa mafakitale synthesize trichlorosilane pa kutentha, ndiyeno kulekanitsa, kukonza ndi kuyeretsa trichlorosilane.Silicon imakumana ndi kuchepetsedwa kwamafuta mung'anjo yochepetsera haidrojeni kuti ipeze silicon yoyambira yoyikidwa pachimake cha silicon.Pazifukwa izi, ndondomeko yabwino ya Siemens ilinso ndi njira yothandizira yobwezeretsanso zinthu zambiri monga hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, ndi silicon tetrachloride yopangidwa popanga kupanga, makamaka kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kuchira kwa mpweya wa mchira ndi silicon tetrachloride reuse. luso.Hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, trichlorosilane, ndi silicon tetrachloride mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya amalekanitsidwa ndi kuchira kowuma.Hydrogen ndi hydrogen chloride zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ndi kuyeretsa ndi trichlorosilane, ndipo trichlorosilane imasinthidwanso mwachindunji kuti ichepetse kutentha.Kuyeretsa kumachitika mu ng'anjo, ndipo silicon tetrachloride imapangidwa ndi hydrogenated kuti ipange trichlorosilane, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeretsa.Sitepe iyi imatchedwanso ozizira hydrogenation mankhwala.Pozindikira kupanga kotseka, mabizinesi amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi magetsi, potero amapulumutsa ndalama zopangira.
Mtengo wopangira polysilicon pogwiritsa ntchito njira yabwino ya Siemens ku China imaphatikizapo zipangizo zopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kutsika kwamtengo wapatali, ndalama zowonongeka, ndi zina zotero.Zopangirazo makamaka zimatanthawuza silicon ndi trichlorosilane yamafakitale, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumaphatikizapo magetsi ndi nthunzi, ndipo mtengo wokonza umatanthawuza mtengo woyendera ndi kukonza zida zopangira.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za a Baichuan Yingfu pamitengo yopangira polysilicon koyambirira kwa Juni 2022, zida zopangira ndizomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimawerengera 41% yamtengo wonse, pomwe silicon yaku mafakitale ndiye gwero lalikulu la silicon.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa silicon komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika kumayimira kuchuluka kwa silicon komwe kumadyedwa pagawo lililonse lazinthu zoyeretsedwa kwambiri za silicon.Njira yowerengera ndikusintha zida zonse zokhala ndi silicon monga ufa wa silicon wakunja ndi trichlorosilane kukhala silicon yoyera, kenako ndikuchotsa chlorosilane wakunja malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa silicon yoyera yosinthidwa kuchokera ku chiŵerengero cha silicon.Malingana ndi deta ya CPIA, mlingo wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa silicon udzatsika ndi 0.01 kg / kg-Si mpaka 1.09 kg / kg-Si mu 2021. Zikuyembekezeka kuti ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala ozizira a hydrogenation ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu, akuyembekezeka kuchepa kwa 1.07 kg / kg ndi 2030. kg-Si.Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kugwiritsa ntchito silicon kwamakampani asanu apamwamba aku China pamakampani a polysilicon ndikotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwamakampani.Zimadziwika kuti awiri a iwo adzadya 1.08 kg / kg-Si ndi 1.05 kg / kg-Si motsatira 2021. Gawo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri ndilo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zimawerengera 32% yonse, yomwe magetsi amawerengera 30% ya magetsi. mtengo wathunthu, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mtengo wamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito ndizofunikirabe pakupanga polysilicon.Zizindikiro ziwiri zazikulu zoyezera mphamvu zamagetsi ndizogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumatanthawuza njira yochepetsera trichlorosilane ndi haidrojeni kuti apange silicon yoyera kwambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumaphatikizapo silicon core preheating ndi deposition., kuteteza kutentha, kutha kwa mpweya wabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina.Mu 2021, ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mokwanira, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito popanga polysilicon kudzachepa ndi 5.3% pachaka mpaka 63kWh/kg-Si, ndipo kuchepetsedwa kwapakati kwamagetsi kudzatsika ndi 6.1% chaka- pa chaka kufika ku 46kWh/kg-Si, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuchepera mtsogolo..Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwamitengo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamitengo, kuwerengera 17%.Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti, malinga ndi data ya Baichuan Yingfu, mtengo wokwanira wopanga polysilicon kumayambiriro kwa June 2022 unali pafupifupi 55,816 yuan/tani, mtengo wapakati wa polysilicon pamsika unali pafupifupi 260,000 yuan/tani, ndipo phindu lalikulu linali. mpaka 70% kapena kupitilira apo, kotero idakopa mabizinesi ambiri amaika ndalama pomanga mphamvu yopanga polysilicon.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe opanga ma polysilicon achepetse ndalama, imodzi ndiyo kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, ndipo ina ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Pankhani ya zopangira, opanga amatha kuchepetsa mtengo wazinthu zopangira posayina mgwirizano wanthawi yayitali ndi opanga silicon yamakampani, kapena kumanga mphamvu zophatikizira kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mtsinje.Mwachitsanzo, mafakitale opanga ma polysilicon kwenikweni amadalira zomwe amapangira ma silicon.Pankhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, opanga amatha kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yotsika yamagetsi komanso kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi.Pafupifupi 70% yamagetsi onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, ndipo kuchepetsa ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri popanga silicon yoyera kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zambiri zopanga polysilicon ku China zimakhazikika m'magawo omwe ali ndi mitengo yotsika yamagetsi monga Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan ndi Yunnan.Komabe, ndikupita patsogolo kwa ndondomeko ya kaboni iwiri, zimakhala zovuta kupeza mphamvu zambiri zotsika mtengo.Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuti muchepetse ndikuchepetsa mtengo komwe kuli kotheka masiku ano.Njira.Pakalipano, njira yabwino yochepetsera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero cha silicon cores mu ng'anjo yochepetsera, potero kukulitsa kutulutsa kwa unit imodzi.Pakadali pano, mitundu yayikulu yochepetsera ng'anjo ku China ndi ndodo 36, ndodo 40 ndi ndodo 48.Mtundu wa ng'anjo umakwezedwa mpaka 60 ndodo ndi 72 pawiri ya ndodo, koma nthawi yomweyo, imayikanso patsogolo zofunikira zaukadaulo wopanga mabizinesi.
Poyerekeza ndi njira yabwino ya Siemens, njira ya silane fluidized bedi ili ndi ubwino atatu, imodzi ndi yotsika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, ina imakhala yotulutsa kristalo, ndipo yachitatu ndi yabwino kwambiri kuphatikiza ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa CCZ wopitilira Czochralski.Malinga ndi deta ya Silicon Industry Branch, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse za silane fluidized bed njira ndi 33.33% ya njira yabwino ya Siemens, ndipo kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi 10% ya njira yabwino ya Siemens.Njira ya silane fluidized bed ili ndi ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.Pankhani ya kukoka kwa kristalo, mawonekedwe a silicon granular amatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kudzaza quartz crucible mu ulalo umodzi wa crystal silicon kukoka ndodo.Silicon ya polycrystalline ndi silicon ya granular imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yowotcha ng'anjo imodzi ndi 29%, ndikuchepetsa nthawi yolipiritsa ndi 41%, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yokoka ya silicon imodzi ya crystal.Kuphatikiza apo, silicon ya granular imakhala ndi m'mimba mwake yaying'ono komanso madzi abwino, omwe ndi oyenera kwambiri panjira ya CCZ yopitilira Czochralski.Pakalipano, teknoloji yaikulu ya kristalo imodzi yokoka pakati ndi pansi ndi njira ya RCZ imodzi yokha yopangira kristalo, yomwe ndi kudyetsanso ndi kukoka kristalo pambuyo pa ndodo imodzi ya crystal silicon kukoka.Chojambulacho chikuchitika nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimasunga nthawi yozizira ya ndodo imodzi ya crystal silicon, kotero kuti kupanga kwake kumakhala kokwera kwambiri.Kukula mwachangu kwa njira ya Czochralski yopitilira CCZ kudzalimbikitsanso kufunikira kwa silicon ya granular.Ngakhale silicon granular ali ndi kuipa, monga zambiri pakachitsulo ufa kwaiye ndi mikangano, lalikulu padziko m'dera ndi mosavuta adsorption wa zoipitsa, ndi wa hydrogen pamodzi mu haidrojeni pa kusungunuka, amene n'zosavuta chifukwa kudumpha, koma malinga ndi zolengeza posachedwapa za silicon granular. mabizinesi, mavutowa akukonzedwa bwino ndipo kupita patsogolo kwina kwapangidwa.
Silane fluidized bedi ndondomeko ndi okhwima ku Ulaya ndi United States, ndipo ali wakhanda pambuyo kukhazikitsidwa kwa mabizinesi Chinese.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, silicon yakunja ya granular yoimiridwa ndi REC ndi MEMC inayamba kufufuza za kupanga silicon ya granular ndikuzindikira kupanga kwakukulu.Pakati pawo, mphamvu yonse ya REC yopanga silicon ya granular inafika matani 10,500 / chaka mu 2010, ndipo poyerekeza ndi anzake a Siemens mu nthawi yomweyi, inali ndi phindu lamtengo wapatali la US $ 2-3 / kg.Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kukoka kwa crystal imodzi, kupanga kwa silicon ya granular kunayimilira ndipo pamapeto pake kunasiya kupanga, ndikutembenukira ku mgwirizano ndi China kuti akhazikitse bizinesi yopangira kupanga silicon ya granular.
4. Zopangira: Silicon ya mafakitale ndiye maziko a zopangira, ndipo zoperekera zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za kukula kwa polysilicon.
Silicon ya mafakitale ndiye maziko azinthu zopangira polysilicon.Akuyembekezeka kuti China mafakitale pakachitsulo linanena bungwe adzakula pang'onopang'ono kuchokera 2022 mpaka 2025. Kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2021, China mafakitale pakachitsulo kupanga siteji kukula, ndi avareji pachaka mlingo wa mphamvu kupanga ndi linanena bungwe kufika 7.4% ndi 8.6%, motero. .Malinga ndi data ya SMM, zomwe zangowonjezeka kumenemafakitale silicon kupanga mphamvuku China kudzakhala matani 890,000 ndi matani 1.065 miliyoni mu 2022 ndi 2023.Poganiza kuti makampani opanga ma silicon azisungabe kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito pafupifupi 60% mtsogolomo, China ikukwera kumene.mphamvu zopanga mu 2022 ndi 2023 zibweretsa chiwonjezeko cha matani 320,000 ndi matani 383,000.Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa GFCI,China mafakitale pakachitsulo mphamvu kupanga 22/23/24/25 ndi za matani 5.90/697/6.71/6.5 miliyoni, lolingana 3.55/391/4.18/4.38 matani miliyoni.
Kukula kwa madera awiri otsala akumunsi a silicon yamakampani opangidwa ndi mafakitale kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kupanga silicon yamakampani aku China kumatha kukwaniritsa kupanga polysilicon.Mu 2021, mphamvu yopangira silicon ya mafakitale ku China idzakhala matani 5.385 miliyoni, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi matani 3.213 miliyoni, pomwe ma polysilicon, organic silicon, ndi alloys aluminiyamu adzadya matani 623,000, matani 898,000 ndi matani 649,000 motsatana.Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi matani 780,000 otulutsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Export.Mu 2021, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa polysilicon, organic silicon, ndi aluminium alloys kudzakhala 19%, 28%, ndi 20% ya silicon yamakampani, motsatana.Kuchokera mu 2022 mpaka 2025, kukula kwa organic silicon kupanga akuyembekezeka kukhalabe pafupifupi 10%, ndipo kukula kwa zopangira zotayidwa ndizotsika kuposa 5%.Chifukwa chake, timakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa silicon yamafakitale komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa polysilicon mu 2022-2025 ndikokwanira, komwe kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za polysilicon.Zosowa zopanga.
5. Kupezeka kwa polysilicon:Chinaimakhala ndi udindo waukulu, ndipo kupanga pang'onopang'ono kumasonkhanitsidwa kumakampani otsogola
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi kwawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono asonkhana ku China.Kuchokera mu 2017 mpaka 2021, kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse pachaka kwakwera kuchokera ku matani 432,000 kufika ku matani 631,000, ndikukula mofulumira kwambiri mu 2021, ndi kukula kwa 21.11%.Panthawi imeneyi, kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse pang'onopang'ono anaikira mu China , ndipo chiwerengero cha China polysilicon kupanga chinawonjezeka kuchokera 56.02% mu 2017 mpaka 80.03% mu 2021. anapeza kuti chiwerengero cha makampani a ku China chawonjezeka kuchokera ku 4 kufika ku 8, ndipo chiwerengero cha mphamvu zopanga makampani ena a ku America ndi Korea chatsika kwambiri, chikugwera m'magulu khumi apamwamba, monga HEMOLOCK , OCI, REC ndi MEMC;ndende yamakampani yakula kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zonse zopangira makampani khumi apamwamba pamakampaniwo zawonjezeka kuchokera ku 57,7% mpaka 90,3%.Mu 2021, pali makampani asanu aku China omwe amapitilira 10% ya mphamvu zopanga, zomwe zimakwana 65.7%..Pali zifukwa zazikulu zitatu zosinthira pang'onopang'ono makampani a polysilicon kupita ku China.Choyamba, opanga ma polysilicon aku China ali ndi maubwino ofunikira potengera zida, magetsi ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito.Malipiro a ogwira ntchito ndi otsika kuposa a mayiko akunja, kotero kuti ndalama zonse zopangira ku China ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa za mayiko akunja, ndipo zidzapitirizabe kuchepa ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo;chachiwiri, mtundu wa zinthu za polysilicon waku China ukukula mosalekeza, ambiri omwe ali pamlingo woyamba wa kalasi ya solar, ndipo mabizinesi apamwamba omwe ali ndi zofunikira zachiyero.Kupititsa patsogolo kwapangidwa muukadaulo wopanga ma polysilicon apamwamba kwambiri amagetsi, pang'onopang'ono kulowetsa m'malo mwa polysilicon yapanyumba yapanyumba kuti igulitsidwe kuchokera kunja, ndipo mabizinesi otsogola aku China akulimbikitsa kwambiri ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti amtundu wa polysilicon.Kutulutsa kwamafuta a silicon ku China ndikoposa 95% yazomwe zimapangidwira padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zawonjezera pang'onopang'ono kudzikwanira kwa polysilicon ku China, zomwe zafinya msika wamabizinesi akunja a polysilicon mpaka pamlingo wina.
Kuchokera ku 2017 mpaka 2021, kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa polysilicon ku China kudzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi mphamvu zamagetsi monga Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, ndi Sichuan.Mu 2021, kupanga kwa polysilicon ku China kudzakwera kuchokera ku matani 392,000 mpaka matani 505,000, kuwonjezeka kwa 28.83%.Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kupanga, mphamvu yaku China yopanga polysilicon nthawi zambiri ikukwera, koma idatsika mu 2020 chifukwa chotseka kwa opanga ena.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi aku China a polysilicon akuchulukirachulukira kuyambira 2018, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mu 2021 kudzafika 97.12%.Pankhani ya zigawo, kupanga polysilicon ku China mu 2021 kumakhazikika m'malo omwe ali ndi mitengo yotsika yamagetsi monga Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, ndi Sichuan.Kutulutsa kwa Xinjiang ndi matani 270,400, omwe ndi opitilira theka lazotulutsa zonse ku China.
Makampani a polysilicon aku China amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, ndi mtengo wa CR6 wa 77%, ndipo padzakhala kukwera kwina mtsogolo.Kupanga polysilicon ndi bizinesi yomwe ili ndi ndalama zambiri komanso zotchinga zaukadaulo.Ntchito yomanga ndi kupanga nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka ziwiri kapena kuposerapo.Zimakhala zovuta kuti opanga atsopano alowe m'makampani.Kutengera kukulitsa komwe kukuyembekezeka komanso mapulojekiti atsopano m'zaka zitatu zikubwerazi, opanga oligopolistic m'makampaniwa apitiliza kukulitsa luso lawo lopanga chifukwa chaukadaulo wawo komanso ubwino wawo, ndipo udindo wawo wokhazikika upitilira kukwera.
Akuyerekeza kuti kupezeka kwa polysilicon ku China kudzabweretsa kukula kwakukulu kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025, ndipo kupanga polysilicon kudzafika matani 1.194 miliyoni mu 2025, ndikuyendetsa kukula kwa sikelo yapadziko lonse lapansi yopanga polysilicon.Mu 2021, ndikukwera kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa polysilicon ku China, opanga akuluakulu adayikapo ndalama pomanga mizere yatsopano yopangira, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakopa opanga atsopano kuti alowe nawo malonda.Popeza mapulojekiti a polysilicon atenga chaka chimodzi ndi theka mpaka ziwiri kuchokera pakumanga mpaka kupanga, ntchito yomanga yatsopano mu 2021 idzamalizidwa.Mphamvu zopangira nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mu theka lachiwiri la 2022 ndi 2023. Izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mapulani atsopano a polojekiti omwe amalengezedwa ndi opanga akuluakulu pakali pano.Mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mu 2022-2025 zimayikidwa makamaka mu 2022 ndi 2023. Pambuyo pake, monga kupereka ndi kufunikira kwa polysilicon ndi mtengo pang'onopang'ono kukhazikika, mphamvu zonse zopangira mafakitale zidzakhazikika pang'onopang'ono.Pansi, ndiye kuti, kukula kwa mphamvu zopanga kumachepa pang'onopang'ono.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi a polysilicon kwakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, koma zitenga nthawi kuti mphamvu zopanga mapulojekiti atsopano zichuluke, ndipo zidzatengera njira kwa olowa kumene kuti adziwe bwino. teknoloji yokonzekera yoyenera.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamapulojekiti atsopano a polysilicon m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi kudzakhala kotsika.Kuchokera apa, kupanga polysilicon mu 2022-2025 kunganenedweratu, ndipo kupanga polysilicon mu 2025 kukuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi matani 1.194 miliyoni.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mphamvu zopangira kumayiko akunja ndikokwera kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka ndi liwiro la kupanga ziwonjezeke mzaka zitatu zikubwerazi sikudzakhala kofanana ndi ku China.Kuchuluka kwa polysilicon kumayiko akunja kumakhazikika m'makampani anayi otsogola, ndipo ena onse amakhala ochepa kwambiri.Pankhani ya mphamvu yopangira, Wacker Chem imatenga theka la mphamvu zopangira polysilicon zakunja.Mafakitole ake ku Germany ndi ku United States ali ndi mphamvu zopanga matani 60,000 ndi matani 20,000 motsatana.Kukula kwakuthwa kwa mphamvu zopanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi mu 2022 ndi kupitilira apo kungadzetse Poda nkhawa ndi kuchulukirachulukira, kampaniyo idakali yodikirira ndikuwona ndipo sinakonzekere kuwonjezera mphamvu zatsopano zopangira.South Korea polysilicon chimphona OCI pang'onopang'ono kusamutsa mzere wake solar-grade polysilicon kupanga Malaysia pamene akusunga choyambirira electronic-grade polysilicon mzere kupanga polysilicon ku China, amene akukonzekera kufikitsa matani 5,000 mu 2022. Kupanga kwa OCI ku Malaysia kudzafika matani 27,000 ndipo 30,000 matani mu 2020 ndi 2021, kukwaniritsa zotsika mtengo zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndikuzemba mitengo yayikulu yaku China pa polysilicon ku United States ndi South Korea.Kampaniyo ikukonzekera kupanga matani 95,000 koma tsiku loyambira silikudziwika.Akuyembekezeka kukwera pamlingo wa matani 5,000 pachaka m'zaka zinayi zikubwerazi.Kampani yaku Norwegian REC ili ndi maziko awiri opangira ku Washington state ndi Montana, USA, ndi mphamvu yopanga pachaka ya matani 18,000 a solar-grade polysilicon ndi matani 2,000 a polysilicon yamagetsi.REC, yomwe inali m'mavuto azachuma, idasankha kuyimitsa kupanga, ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwamitengo ya polysilicon mu 2021, kampaniyo idaganiza zoyambitsanso kupanga matani 18,000 a ntchito ku Washington state ndi matani 2,000 ku Montana kumapeto kwa 2023. , ndipo akhoza kumaliza kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu zopangira kupanga mu 2024. Hemlock ndi wamkulu kwambiri wopanga polysilicon ku United States, wokhazikika pa polysilicon yapamwamba kwambiri yamagetsi.Zolepheretsa zamakono zopanga zinthu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti katundu wa kampaniyo alowe m'malo mwa msika.Kuphatikizidwa ndi chakuti kampaniyo sikukonzekera kumanga ntchito zatsopano mkati mwa zaka zingapo, zikuyembekezeka kuti mphamvu zopanga kampaniyo zidzakhala 2022-2025.Kutulutsa kwapachaka kumakhalabe matani 18,000.Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2021, mphamvu zatsopano zopangira makampani ena kupatula makampani anayi omwe ali pamwambapa adzakhala matani 5,000.Chifukwa chosamvetsetsa mapulani opanga makampani onse, zikuganiziridwa pano kuti mphamvu yatsopano yopangira idzakhala matani 5,000 pachaka kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025.
Malinga ndi mphamvu yopangira kunja kwa nyanja, akuti kupanga polysilicon kunja kwa 2025 kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 176,000, poganiza kuti kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito a polysilicon kunja kwa nyanja sikunasinthe.Mtengo wa polysilicon utakwera kwambiri mu 2021, makampani aku China adakulitsa kupanga ndikukulitsa kupanga.Mosiyana ndi izi, makampani akunja amakhala osamala popanga mapulani atsopano.Izi ndichifukwa choti kulamulira kwamakampani a polysilicon kuli kale m'manja mwa China, ndipo kuchulukitsa mwakhungu kumatha kuwononga.Kuchokera kumbali ya mtengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi gawo lalikulu la mtengo wa polysilicon, kotero mtengo wa magetsi ndi wofunika kwambiri, ndipo Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan ndi madera ena ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu.Kuchokera kumbali yofunikira, monga kutsika mwachindunji kwa polysilicon, kupanga silicon wafer waku China kumaposa 99% ya dziko lonse lapansi.Makampani akumunsi a polysilicon amayang'ana kwambiri ku China.Mtengo wa polysilicon wopangidwa ndi wotsika, mtengo wamayendedwe ndi wotsika, ndipo kufunikira kumatsimikizika kwathunthu.Kachiwiri, China yakhazikitsa mitengo yotsika kwambiri yoletsa kutaya potengera zinthu za solar-grade polysilicon kuchokera ku United States ndi South Korea, zomwe zaletsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito polysilicon kuchokera ku United States ndi South Korea.Khalani osamala pomanga ntchito zatsopano;Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mabizinesi aku China akunja kwa polysilicon akhala akuchedwa kukula chifukwa cha mitengo yamitengo, ndipo mizere ina yopangira idachepetsedwa kapena kutsekedwa, ndipo gawo lawo pakutulutsa padziko lonse lapansi lakhala likuchepera chaka ndi chaka, sizingafanane ndi kukwera kwamitengo ya polysilicon mu 2021 monga phindu lalikulu la kampani yaku China, momwe ndalama zilili sizokwanira kuthandizira kukulitsa kwake mwachangu komanso kwakukulu kwamphamvu yopanga.
Kutengera zomwe zanenedweratu za kupanga polysilicon ku China komanso kutsidya kwa nyanja kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025, mtengo wonenedweratu wa kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi ukhoza kufotokozedwa mwachidule.Akuti kupanga kwa polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi mu 2025 kudzafika matani 1.371 miliyoni.Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu za kupanga polysilicon, gawo la China padziko lonse lapansi litha kupezeka pafupifupi .Zikuyembekezeka kuti gawo la China lidzakula pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 2022 mpaka 2025, ndipo lipitilira 87% mu 2025.
6, Chidule ndi Outlook
Polysilicon ili kumunsi kwa silicon yamafakitale komanso kumtunda kwa unyolo wonse wamakampani a photovoltaic ndi semiconductor, ndipo udindo wake ndiwofunika kwambiri.Makina opanga ma photovoltaic nthawi zambiri amakhala a polysilicon-silicon wafer-cell-module-photovoltaic, ndipo unyolo wamakampani a semiconductor nthawi zambiri amakhala polysilicon-monocrystalline silicon wafer-silicon wafer-chip.Ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pa chiyero cha polysilicon.Makampani opanga ma photovoltaic makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito polysilicon ya solar-grade, ndipo makampani opanga ma semiconductor amagwiritsa ntchito polysilicon yamagetsi.Zakale zimakhala ndi chiyero cha 6N-8N, pamene chotsatira chimafuna chiyero cha 9N kapena kuposa.
Kwa zaka zambiri, njira yopangira polysilicon yakhala njira yabwino kwambiri ya Siemens padziko lonse lapansi.M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani ena adafufuza mwachangu njira yotsika mtengo ya silane fluidized bed, yomwe ingakhudze momwe amapangira.Polysilicon yooneka ngati ndodo yopangidwa ndi njira yosinthidwa ya Siemens ili ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wokwera komanso chiyero chapamwamba, pomwe silicon ya granular yomwe imapangidwa ndi njira ya bedi ya silane imakhala ndi mawonekedwe akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zotsika mtengo komanso chiyero chochepa. .Makampani ena aku China azindikira kupanga silicon ya granular ndi ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito silicon ya granular kukoka polysilicon, koma sikunakwezedwe kwambiri.Kaya silicon ya granular ingalowe m'malo mwa yoyamba mtsogolo zimadalira ngati mtengo wake ukhoza kuphimba kuipa kwa khalidwe, zotsatira za ntchito zapansi, ndi kukonza chitetezo cha silane.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi kwakula chaka ndi chaka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kusonkhana pamodzi ku China.Kuchokera ku 2017 mpaka 2021, padziko lonse lapansi kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse kudzawonjezeka kuchokera ku matani 432,000 mpaka matani 631,000, ndi kukula kwachangu mu 2021. Panthawiyi, kupanga polysilicon yapadziko lonse pang'onopang'ono kunakula kwambiri ku China, ndipo China chiwerengero cha polysilicon chinawonjezeka kuchokera ku China. 56.02% mu 2017 mpaka 80.03% mu 2021. Kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2025, kuperekedwa kwa polysilicon kudzabweretsa kukula kwakukulu.Akuti kupanga polysilicon mu 2025 kudzakhala matani 1.194 miliyoni ku China, ndipo kutulutsa kunja kudzafika matani 176,000.Chifukwa chake, kupanga polysilicon padziko lonse lapansi mu 2025 kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 1.37 miliyoni.
(Nkhaniyi ndi ya UrbanMines'customers okha ndipo siyikuyimira upangiri uliwonse wazachuma)