Cesium ndi chinthu chosowa komanso chofunikira kwambiri chachitsulo, ndipo dziko la China likukumana ndi zovuta kuchokera ku Canada ndi United States pankhani ya ufulu wa migodi ku mgodi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse wa cesium, Tanko Mine.Cesium imagwira ntchito yosasinthika mu mawotchi a atomiki, ma cell a dzuwa, mankhwala, kubowola mafuta, ndi zina zotero. Ndi mchere wofunika kwambiri chifukwa ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida za nyukiliya ndi zoponya.
Katundu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cesium.
Cesiumndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri chachitsulo, zomwe zili m'chilengedwe ndi 3ppm zokha, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi.Cesium ili ndi zinthu zambiri zapadera komanso zamakina monga kukhathamiritsa kwamagetsi kwambiri, malo osungunuka otsika kwambiri komanso kuyamwa mwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana.
M'matelefoni, cesium amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zingwe za fiber optic, photodetectors, lasers ndi zipangizo zina kuti apititse patsogolo liwiro ndi khalidwe la kufalitsa chizindikiro.Cesium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri paukadaulo wolumikizirana wa 5G chifukwa imatha kupereka ntchito zofananira nthawi yayitali.
Pankhani ya mphamvu, cesium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma cell a dzuwa, ma generator a ferrofluid, injini zoyendetsa ion ndi zida zina zatsopano zopangira mphamvu kuti zithandizire kutembenuka kwamphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino.Cesium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamlengalenga monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito mumayendedwe apa satellite, zida zojambulira masomphenya ausiku komanso kulumikizana ndi mitambo ya ion.
Muzamankhwala, cesium atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala monga mapiritsi ogona, zoziziritsa kukhosi, antiepileptic mankhwala, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito amanjenje amunthu.Cesium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza ma radiation, monga chithandizo cha khansa, monga khansa ya prostate.
M'makampani opanga mankhwala, cesium angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zopangira, ma reagents amankhwala, ma electrolyte ndi zinthu zina kuti apititse patsogolo kuchuluka ndi mphamvu zamachitidwe amankhwala.Cesium ndi chinthu chofunikiranso pobowola mafuta chifukwa imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi obowola kwambiri ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti madzi akubowola azikhala okhazikika komanso athanzi.
Kugawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi za cesium.Pakali pano, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya cesium ndiyo kupanga mafuta ndi gasi.Zosakaniza zake cesium formate ndicesium carbonatendi madzi akubowola kwambiri, omwe amatha kukhazikika komanso kuchita bwino kwamadzi akubowola ndikuletsa kugwa kwa khoma komanso kutayikira kwa gasi.
Minable cesium garnet deposits amapezeka m'malo atatu okha padziko lapansi: mgodi wa Tanco ku Canada, mgodi wa Bikita ku Zimbabwe ndi mgodi wa Sinclair ku Australia.Mwa iwo, dera la migodi ya Tanco ndi mgodi waukulu kwambiri wa cesium garnet womwe wapezeka mpaka pano, womwe ndi 80% ya nkhokwe zapadziko lonse lapansi za cesium garnet, ndipo pafupifupi giredi ya cesium oxide ndi 23.3%.Magiredi a Cesium oxide anali apakati pa 11.5% ndi 17% pamigodi ya Bikita ndi Sinclair, motsatana.Madera atatu amigodiwa ndi omwe ali ndi lithiamu cesium tantalum (LCT) pegmatite madipoziti, olemera mu cesium garnet, chomwe ndi chinthu chachikulu chopangira cesium.
Kutenga ndi kukulitsa mapulani aku China kwa migodi ya Tanco.
United States ndiye wogula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa cesium, wowerengera pafupifupi 40%, kutsatiridwa ndi China.Komabe, chifukwa cha ulamuliro wa China pa migodi ya cesium ndi kuyenga, pafupifupi migodi yonse itatu ikuluikulu yasamutsidwira ku China.
M'mbuyomu, kampani yaku China itapeza mgodi wa Tanko kuchokera ku kampani yaku America ndikuyambiranso kupanga mu 2020, idalembetsanso gawo la 5,72% ku PWM ndipo idapeza ufulu wopeza zinthu zonse za lithiamu, cesium ndi tantalum za polojekiti ya Case Lake.Komabe, Canada chaka chatha idafuna makampani atatu a lithiamu aku China kuti agulitse kapena kuchotsa magawo awo kumakampani amigodi aku Canada a lithiamu mkati mwa masiku 90, kutchula zifukwa zachitetezo cha dziko.
M'mbuyomu, Australia idakana dongosolo la kampani yaku China kuti lipeze gawo la 15% ku Lynas, wopanga kwambiri padziko lapansi wosowa kwambiri ku Australia.Kuphatikiza pa kupanga maiko osowa, Australia ilinso ndi ufulu wopanga mgodi wa Sinclair.Komabe, garnet ya cesium yomwe idapangidwa mu gawo loyamba la mgodi wa Sinclair idagulidwa ndi kampani yakunja ya CabotSF yomwe idagulidwa ndi kampani yaku China.
Dera la migodi la Bikita ndilo gawo lalikulu kwambiri la lithiamu-cesium-tantalum pegmatite ku Africa ndipo lili ndi nkhokwe yachiwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya cesium garnet, yokhala ndi kalasi ya cesium oxide ya 11.5%.Kampani yaku China idagula gawo la 51 peresenti mumgodi kuchokera ku kampani yaku Australia kwa $ 165 miliyoni ndipo ikukonzekera kuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya lithiamu mpaka matani 180,000 pachaka m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Kutenga nawo mbali kwa Canada ndi US ndi mpikisano mu Tanco Mine
Onse a Canada ndi United States ndi mamembala a "Five Eyes Alliance" ndipo ali ndi maubwenzi apamtima ndi ankhondo.Chifukwa chake, United States imatha kuwongolera kupezeka kwazinthu za cesium padziko lonse lapansi kapena kulowererapo kudzera mwa ogwirizana nawo, ndikuwopseza China.
Boma la Canada lati cesium ndi mchere wofunikira kwambiri ndipo lakhazikitsa njira zingapo zotetezera ndikutukula mafakitale am'deralo.Mwachitsanzo, mu 2019, Canada ndi United States zinasaina pangano lalikulu la mgwirizano wa migodi pofuna kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiriwa pa chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa mayendedwe a mchere monga cesium.Mu 2020, Canada ndi Australia adasaina mgwirizano womwewo kuti athane ndi chikoka cha China pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi.Canada imathandiziranso makampani akumeneko a cesium ore akukonza ndi kukonza makampani monga PWM ndi Cabot kudzera mu ndalama, zopereka ndi zolimbikitsa zamisonkho.
Monga wogula wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa cesium, United States imawonanso kufunikira kofunikira komanso chitetezo cha cesium.Mu 2018, dziko la United States linasankha cesium kukhala imodzi mwa migodi 35 yofunika kwambiri, ndipo inapanga lipoti lachidule lokhudza mchere wofunika kwambiri, ndikupereka njira zingapo zowonetsetsa kuti cesium ndi mchere wina uzikhala wokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kapangidwe ndi zovuta zazinthu zina za cesium ku China.
Kuphatikiza pa mgodi wa Vikita, China ikuyang'ananso mwayi wopeza chuma cha cesium kumadera ena.Mwachitsanzo, mu 2019, kampani yaku China idasaina pangano la mgwirizano ndi kampani yaku Peru kuti ipange limodzi ntchito ya nyanja yamchere kum'mwera kwa Peru yokhala ndi zinthu monga lithiamu, potaziyamu, boron, magnesium, strontium, calcium, sodium, ndi cesium oxide.Akuyembekezeka kukhala malo achiwiri akulu kwambiri opanga lithiamu ku South America.
China ikukumana ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zambiri pakugawa chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi cha cesium.
Choyamba, zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi za cesium ndizosowa kwambiri komanso zamwazikana, ndipo ndizovuta kuti China ipeze ma depositi akuluakulu, apamwamba, komanso otsika mtengo.Chachiwiri, mpikisano wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi mchere wofunikira monga cesium ukukula kwambiri, ndipo China ikhoza kukumana ndi kusokonezedwa pazandale ndi zachuma komanso zopinga zochokera ku Canada, Australia ndi kuwunika kwamayiko ena ndikuletsa makampani aku China.Chachitatu, ukadaulo wochotsa ndi kukonza cesium ndizovuta komanso zokwera mtengo.Kodi China Ikuyankha Bwanji Nkhondo Yovuta Yamaminerali?
Pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko ndi chuma cha minda yofunika kwambiri ya mchere ku China, boma la China likukonzekera kuchita zinthu zotsatirazi:
Limbikitsani kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha cesium padziko lapansi, pezani madipoziti atsopano a cesium, ndikuwongolera kudzikwanira komanso kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu za cesium.
Limbikitsani kubwezereranso kwa cesium, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a cesium komanso kuthamanga kwa ma circulation, komanso kuchepetsa zinyalala za cesium ndi kuipitsa.
Limbikitsani kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi luso la cesium, pangani zida kapena matekinoloje a cesium, ndikuchepetsa kudalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa cesium.
Limbikitsani mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ndi kusinthanitsa pa cesium, khazikitsani njira yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso yosakondera ya cesium ndi maiko oyenera, ndikusunga dongosolo labwino pamsika wapadziko lonse wa cesium.