M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito lanthanide reagents mu kaphatikizidwe ka organic kwapangidwa ndi kudumphadumpha.Pakati pawo, reagents ambiri lanthanide anapezeka kuti n'zoonekeratu kusankha catalysis mu zimene mpweya mpweya chomangira mapangidwe;pa nthawi yomweyo, reagents ambiri lanthanide anapezeka ndi makhalidwe abwino mu zochita organic makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi zochita kuchepetsa organic kusintha magulu zinchito.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwaulimi wamba ndi kupindula kwa kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi makhalidwe aku China omwe asayansi aku China adapeza pambuyo pa zaka zogwira ntchito molimbika, ndipo kwalimbikitsidwa mwamphamvu ngati njira yofunikira yowonjezeretsa ulimi ku China.Osowa dziko lapansi carbonate mosavuta sungunuka mu asidi kupanga lolingana mchere ndi mpweya woipa, amene angagwiritsidwe conveniently ntchito synthesis zosiyanasiyana osowa mchere padziko lapansi ndi zovuta popanda kuyambitsa anionic zonyansa.Mwachitsanzo, imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi asidi amphamvu monga nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, ndi sulfuric acid kupanga mchere wosungunuka m'madzi.Amachitani ndi phosphoric acid ndi hydrofluoric acid kuti asinthe kukhala ma phosphates osowa padziko lapansi ndi ma fluoride.Amachitani ndi ma organic acid ambiri kuti apange zinthu zofananira zapadziko lapansi.Atha kukhala ma cations osungunuka osungunuka kapena ma anions ovuta, kapena mankhwala osasungunuka osalowerera ndale amatenthedwa kutengera yankho la mtengo.Kumbali ina, carbonate yapadziko lapansi yosowa imatha kuwola kukhala ma oxides ofanana ndi calcination, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachindunji pokonza zinthu zambiri zatsopano zapadziko lapansi.Pakali pano, kutulutsa kwapachaka kwa carbonate yapachaka ku China ndi matani opitilira 10,000, zomwe zimapitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a zinthu zonse zosowa padziko lapansi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kupanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a rare earth carbonate kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa msika. makampani osowa padziko lapansi.
Cerium carbonate ndi inorganic compound yokhala ndi mankhwala a C3Ce2O9, molecular weight of 460, logP ya -7.40530, PSA ya 198.80000, yowira 333.6ºC pa 760 mmHg, ndi flash point ya 169.8ºC.Popanga mafakitale osowa nthaka, cerium carbonate ndi zida zapakatikati zopangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana za cerium monga mchere wa cerium ndi cerium oxide.Ili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosowa padziko lapansi.The hydrated cerium carbonate crystal ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa lanthanite, ndipo chithunzi chake cha SEM chimasonyeza kuti mawonekedwe a hydrated cerium carbonate crystal ndi ofanana ndi flake, ndipo ma flakes amamangidwa pamodzi ndi kusagwirizana kofooka kuti apange mawonekedwe a petal, ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kotayirira, kotero pansi pa zochita za mphamvu zamakina Ndizosavuta kung'ambika mu tizidutswa tating'ono.Cerium carbonate yomwe imapangidwa m'makampani pano ili ndi 42-46% yokha ya dziko lapansi losowa pambuyo poyanika, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupanga kwa cerium carbonate.
A mtundu wa mowa otsika madzi, khalidwe khola, opangidwa cerium carbonate sayenera zouma kapena zouma pambuyo centrifugal kuyanika, ndi kuchuluka kwa osowa nthaka akhoza kufika 72% mpaka 74%, ndi ndondomeko yosavuta ndi limodzi- njira yopangira cerium carbonate yokhala ndi zochulukirapo zamitundu yosowa.Chiwembu chotsatirachi chimatengedwa: njira imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera cerium carbonate ndi kuchuluka kwa dziko losowa kwambiri, ndiko kuti, njira yothetsera chakudya cha cerium yokhala ndi CeO240-90g / L imatenthedwa pa 95 ° C. mpaka 105 ° C, ndipo ammonium bicarbonate imawonjezedwa pansi pa kugwedezeka kosalekeza kuti ipangitse cerium carbonate.Kuchuluka kwa ammonium bicarbonate kumasinthidwa kotero kuti pH yamadzimadzi amadzimadzi isinthidwa kukhala 6.3 mpaka 6.5, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumakhala koyenera kuti madzi odyetsa asathere.Njira yothetsera chakudya cha cerium ndi imodzi mwa njira yamadzi ya cerium chloride, cerium sulfate aqueous solution kapena cerium nitrate aqueous solution.Gulu la R&D la UrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. imatengera njira yatsopano yopangira zinthu powonjezera njira yolimba ya ammonium bicarbonate kapena yankho lamadzi la ammonium bicarbonate.
Cerium carbonate angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzekera cerium okusayidi, cerium dioxide ndi nanomaterials ena.Ntchito ndi zitsanzo ndi izi:
1. Galasi la anti-glare violet lomwe limagwira mwamphamvu cheza cha ultraviolet ndi gawo lachikasu la kuwala kowoneka.Kutengera zikuchokera wamba koloko laimu silika zoyandama galasi, zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi zopangira kulemera peresenti: silika 72 ~ 82%, sodium okusayidi 6 ~ 15%, calcium okusayidi 4 ~ 13%, magnesium okusayidi 2 ~ 8% , Alumina 0 ~ 3%, chitsulo okusayidi 0.05 ~ 0.3%, cerium carbonate 0.1 ~ 3%, neodymium carbonate 0.4 ~ 1.2%, manganese dioxide 0.5 ~ 3%.Galasi lachikulu la 4mm lili ndi kuwala kowoneka bwino kuposa 80%, kutulutsa kwa ultraviolet kuchepera 15%, komanso kufalikira pamafunde a 568-590 nm osakwana 15%.
2. Utoto wopulumutsa mphamvu wa endothermic, womwe umadziwika kuti umapangidwa ndi kusakaniza zodzaza ndi filimu yopangira filimu, ndipo chodzazacho chimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza zopangira zotsatirazi m'magawo ndi kulemera kwake: 20 mpaka 35 magawo a silicon dioxide, ndi magawo 8 mpaka 20 a aluminium oxide.Magawo 4 mpaka 10 a titaniyamu oxide, 4 mpaka 10 mbali ya zirconia, 1 mpaka 5 mbali ya zinc oxide, 1 mpaka 5 mbali ya magnesium oxide, 0,8 mpaka 5 mbali ya silicon carbide, 0,02 mpaka 0,5 mbali ya yttrium oxide, ndi 0,01 mpaka 1.5 magawo a chromium oxide.mbali, 0.01-1.5 mbali kaolin, 0.01-1.5 mbali ya osowa nthaka zipangizo, 0.8-5 mbali mpweya wakuda, tinthu kukula kwa aliyense zopangira ndi 1-5 μm;momwe zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa zimaphatikizira magawo 0.01-1.5 a lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 magawo a cerium carbonate 1.5 magawo a praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 mpaka 1.5 magawo a praseodymium carbonate, 0.01 mpaka 1.5 magawo a neodymium carbonate ndi 100. nitrate;filimu kupanga zinthu ndi potaziyamu sodium carbonate;potaziyamu sodium carbonate imasakanikirana ndi kulemera komweko kwa potaziyamu carbonate ndi sodium carbonate.Chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cholemera cha filler ndi filimu yopanga mafilimu ndi 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kapena 4.8: 5.2.Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa njira yokonzekera utoto wopulumutsa mphamvu wa endothermic umadziwika kuti uli ndi izi:
Khwerero 1, kukonzekera kwa filler, poyamba kulemera 20-35 mbali za silika, 8-20 mbali ya alumina, 4-10 mbali ya titaniyamu okusayidi, 4-10 mbali zirconia, ndi 1-5 mbali ya nthaka okusayidi kulemera. ., 1 mpaka 5 magawo a magnesium oxide, 0,8 mpaka 5 mbali za silicon carbide, 0,02 mpaka 0,5 mbali ya yttrium oxide, 0,01 mpaka 1.5 mbali za chromium trioxide, 0,01 mpaka 1.5 mbali za kaolin, 0,01 mpaka 1.5 zipangizo zapadziko lapansi, ndi zinthu zosawerengeka 0,8 mpaka 5 magawo a carbon wakuda, ndiyeno uniformly kusakaniza mu chosakanizira kupeza filler;momwe zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa zimaphatikizira magawo 0.01-1.5 a lanthanum carbonate, 0.01-1.5 magawo a cerium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 magawo a praseodymium carbonate, 0.01-1.5 magawo a neodymium carbonate ndi 0.01 ~ 1.5 gawo la promethium nitrate;
Gawo 2, yokonza filimu kupanga zinthu, filimu kupanga zinthu ndi sodium potassium carbonate;choyamba kuyeza potaziyamu carbonate ndi sodium carbonate motsatana ndi kulemera, ndiyeno kusakaniza wogawana kupeza filimu kupanga zakuthupi;sodium potassium carbonate ndi Kulemera komweko kwa potaziyamu carbonate ndi sodium carbonate kumasakanikirana;
Khwerero 3, chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha filler ndi filimu yakuthupi ndi kulemera kwake ndi 2.5: 7.5, 3.8: 6.2 kapena 4.8: 5.2, ndipo kusakaniza kumasakanikirana mofanana ndikubalalika kuti apeze kusakaniza;
Mu sitepe 4, osakaniza ndi mpira-mphero kwa maola 6-8, ndiyeno chomalizidwa angapezeke podutsa chophimba, ndi mauna chophimba ndi 1-5 μm.
3. Kukonzekera ultrafine cerium okusayidi: Kugwiritsa hydrated cerium carbonate monga kalambulabwalo, ultrafine cerium okusayidi ndi apakatikati tinthu kukula zosakwana 3 μm anakonzedwa mwachindunji mpira mphero ndi calcination.Zinthu zomwe zapezedwa zonse zili ndi mawonekedwe a cubic fluorite.Pamene kutentha calcination ukuwonjezeka, tinthu kukula kwa mankhwala amachepetsa, tinthu kukula kugawa amakhala yopapatiza ndi crystallinity ukuwonjezeka.Komabe, mphamvu yopukutira ya magalasi atatu osiyanasiyana idawonetsa mtengo wapamwamba pakati pa 900 ℃ ndi 1000 ℃.Choncho, akukhulupirira kuti kuchotsa mlingo wa galasi pamwamba zinthu pa ndondomeko kupukuta zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tinthu kukula, crystallinity ndi pamwamba ntchito ya ufa kupukuta.