Boron carbide ndi kristalo wakuda wokhala ndi zitsulo zonyezimira, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti diamondi yakuda, yomwe ndi yazinthu zopanda chitsulo.Pakali pano, aliyense amadziwa zakuthupi za boron carbide, zomwe zingakhale chifukwa cha kugwiritsira ntchito zida za bulletproof, chifukwa zimakhala zochepa kwambiri pakati pa zipangizo za ceramic, zimakhala ndi ubwino wa modulus wapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuuma kwakukulu, ndipo zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino. ya micro-fracture kuti mutenge projectiles.Zotsatira za mphamvu, pamene kusunga katundu kukhala otsika momwe angathere.Koma kwenikweni, boron carbide ili ndi zinthu zina zambiri zapadera, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pazitsulo zotayira, zowonongeka, mafakitale a nyukiliya, mlengalenga ndi zina.
Katundu waboron carbide
Pazinthu zakuthupi, kuuma kwa boron carbide kumangochitika pambuyo pa diamondi ndi kiyubiki boron nitride, ndipo imatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu choyenera cha kutentha kwapamwamba;kachulukidwe ka boron carbide ndi kakang'ono kwambiri (kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe ndi 2.52 g/cm3), yopepuka kuposa zida wamba zadothi, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wazamlengalenga;boron carbide ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya mayamwidwe a nyutroni, kukhazikika kwamafuta abwino, ndi malo osungunuka a 2450 ° C, motero imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamakampani anyukiliya.Kuthekera kwa mayamwidwe a nyutroni kutha kupitilizidwanso powonjezera B zinthu;Boron carbide zipangizo ndi morphology yeniyeni ndi kapangidwe amakhalanso ndi wapadera photoelectric katundu;kuonjezera apo, boron carbide ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, modulus yotanuka kwambiri, yochepetsetsa yowonjezera komanso yabwino Ubwinowu umapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zambiri monga zitsulo, makampani opanga mankhwala, makina, ndege ndi makampani ankhondo.Mwachitsanzo, zida zolimbana ndi dzimbiri komanso zosamva kuvala, kupanga zida zankhondo zoteteza zipolopolo, ndodo zowongolera riyakitala ndi zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
Pankhani ya mankhwala, boron carbide sichitapo kanthu ndi zidulo, alkalis ndi mankhwala ambiri osakanikirana ndi kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo samagwirizana kwambiri ndi mpweya ndi mpweya wa halogen kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo mankhwala ake ndi okhazikika.Kuphatikiza apo, ufa wa boron carbide umayendetsedwa ndi halogen ngati chitsulo choboola chitsulo, ndipo boron imalowetsedwa pamwamba pa chitsulo kuti ipange filimu yachitsulo, potero imakulitsa mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana kwa zinthuzo, ndipo mankhwala ake ndiabwino kwambiri.
Tonse tikudziwa kuti mtundu wa zinthuzo umatsimikizira kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye ndi ntchito ziti zomwe ufa wa boron carbide umachita bwino?Akatswiri a R&D CenterMalingaliro a kampani UrbanMines Tech.Co., Ltd. adapereka chidule chotsatirachi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaboron carbide
1. Boron carbide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupukuta abrasive
Kugwiritsa ntchito boron carbide ngati abrasive kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popera ndi kupukuta safiro.Pakati pa zida zolimba kwambiri, kuuma kwa boron carbide ndikwabwino kuposa aluminium oxide ndi silicon carbide, yachiwiri kwa diamondi ndi kiyubiki boron nitride.Sapphire ndiye gawo lapansi labwino kwambiri la semiconductor GaN/Al 2 O3 light-emitting diode (LED), mabwalo akuluakulu ophatikizika a SOI ndi SOS, komanso makanema apamwamba kwambiri a nanostructure.Kusalala kwa pamwamba ndikwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo kuyenera kukhala kosalala Kwambiri Palibe kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka.Chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri komanso kuuma kwambiri kwa safiro crystal (Mohs hardness 9), zabweretsa zovuta pakukonza mabizinesi.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu ndi kugaya, zida zabwino kwambiri zopangira ndi kupera makristasi a safiro ndi diamondi yopangira, boron carbide, silicon carbide, ndi silicon dioxide.Kuuma kwa diamondi yochita kupanga ndikwambiri (Mohs kuuma 10) pogaya chotupa cha safiro, chimakanda pamwamba, chimakhudza kufalikira kwa chophatikizira, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo;mutatha kudula silicon carbide, roughness RA nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera kwambiri ndipo flatness imakhala yosauka;Komabe, kuuma kwa silika sikokwanira (Mohs kuuma 7), ndipo mphamvu yogaya ndi yosauka, yomwe imatenga nthawi komanso yogwira ntchito pogaya.Choncho, boron carbide abrasive (Mohs hardness 9.3) yakhala chinthu choyenera kwambiri pokonza ndi kupera makristasi a safiro, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri pogaya mbali ziwiri za safiro za safiro ndi kupatulira kumbuyo ndi kupukuta kwa safiro-based LED epitaxial wafers.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti pamene boron carbide ili pamwamba pa 600 ° C, pamwamba padzakhala oxidized mu filimu ya B2O3, yomwe idzafewetsa mpaka kufika pamlingo wina, kotero si yoyenera kupukuta youma pa kutentha kwakukulu mu ntchito zowononga, zoyenera zokha. kwa kupukuta madzi akupera.Komabe, malowa amalepheretsa B4C kukhala oxidized mopitilira, kupangitsa kuti ikhale ndi maubwino apadera pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zotsutsa.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zokanira
Boron carbide ili ndi mawonekedwe a anti-oxidation komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zapamwamba zowoneka bwino komanso zosawoneka bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zazitsulo, monga masitovu achitsulo ndi mipando yamoto.
Ndi zofunika zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa kumwa mowa mu chitsulo ndi zitsulo makampani ndi smelting wa low-carbon zitsulo ndi Ultra-low carbon steel, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha otsika mpweya magnesia-carbon njerwa (zambiri <8% carbon content) ndi kuchita bwino kwachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi mafakitale apakhomo ndi akunja.Pakadali pano, magwiridwe antchito a njerwa za carbon magnesia-carbon otsika nthawi zambiri amakhala bwino pakuwongolera kapangidwe ka kaboni, kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ka matrix a njerwa za magnesia-carbon, ndikuwonjezera ma antioxidants amphamvu kwambiri.Pakati pawo, kaboni wa graphitized wopangidwa ndi mafakitale-grade boron carbide ndi mbali ina ya graphitized carbon black imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Ufa wophatikizika wakuda, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kaboni ndi antioxidant kwa njerwa zotsika za carbon magnesia-carbon, wapeza zotsatira zabwino.
Popeza boron carbide idzafewetsa pamlingo wina kutentha kwambiri, imatha kumangirizidwa pamwamba pa zinthu zina.Ngakhale mankhwalawo atakhala ochuluka, filimu ya B2O3 oxide pamtunda imatha kupanga chitetezo china ndikuchita ntchito yotsutsa-oxidation.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa makhiristo opangidwa ndi zomwe amachitira amagawidwa mu matrix ndi mipata ya zinthu zowonongeka, porosity imachepetsedwa, mphamvu ya kutentha kwapakati imakhala bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa makhiristo opangidwa kumakula, komwe kumatha kuchiritsa voliyumu. kuchepa ndi kuchepetsa ming'alu.
3. Zida zoteteza zipolopolo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yokoka yaying'ono, komanso mlingo waukulu wa kukana kwa ballistic, boron carbide imagwirizana kwambiri ndi machitidwe a zipangizo zopepuka zoteteza zipolopolo.Ndizinthu zabwino kwambiri zoteteza zipolopolo zoteteza ndege, magalimoto, zida zankhondo, ndi matupi aumunthu;panopa,Mayiko enaapanga kafukufuku wa zida zotsika mtengo za boron carbide anti-ballistic, ndicholinga cholimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa zida zankhondo za boron carbide zotsutsana ndi ballistic m'makampani achitetezo.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a nyukiliya
Boron carbide ili ndi mayamwidwe apamwamba a nyutroni komanso mphamvu zambiri za neutroni, ndipo imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi kuti ndiyomwe imayamwa bwino kwambiri pamakampani anyukiliya.Pakati pawo, gawo lotentha la boron-10 isotope ndilokwera kwambiri mpaka 347 × 10-24 cm2, lachiwiri ku zinthu zingapo monga gadolinium, samarium, ndi cadmium, ndipo ndi chowotcha bwino cha neutron.Komanso, boron carbide ndi wolemera mu chuma, dzimbiri zosagwira, zabwino matenthedwe bata, sabala isotopes radioactive, ndipo ali otsika yachiwiri ray mphamvu, choncho boron carbide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zipangizo kulamulira ndi zipangizo zotetezera mu reactors nyukiliya.
Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani a nyukiliya, chotenthetsera chozizira kwambiri cha gasi chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsekera mpira wa boron ngati njira yachiwiri yotseka.Pakachitika ngozi, pamene dongosolo shutdown woyamba kulephera, yachiwiri shutdown dongosolo ntchito ambiri boron carbide pellets Free kugwa mu njira ya chimanyezimira wosanjikiza wa riyakitala pachimake, etc., kutseka riyakitala ndi kuzindikira ozizira. shutdown, momwe mpira woyamwa ndi mpira wa graphite wokhala ndi boron carbide.Ntchito yaikulu ya boron carbide pachimake pa kutentha mpweya utakhazikika riyakitala ndi kulamulira mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha riyakitala.Njerwa ya kaboni imayikidwa ndi boron carbide neutron absorbing, yomwe ingachepetse kuyatsa kwa neutron kwa chotengera chopondereza cha riyakitala.
Pakadali pano, zida zopangira zida za nyukiliya zimaphatikizanso zinthu izi: boron carbide (ndodo zowongolera, ndodo zotchingira), boric acid (moderator, coolant), chitsulo cha boron (ndodo zowongolera ndi zosungiramo mafuta a nyukiliya ndi zinyalala za nyukiliya), boron Europium. (chinthu chakupha choyaka moto), etc.